Intermediate 2nd Year Physics

SYLLABUS

Unit 1: Waves

Transverse and Longitudinal Waves – Progressive Waves – Wave Speed – Principle of Superposition – Reflection of Waves – Beats – Doppler Effect.

Unit 2: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Reflection by Spherical Mirrors – Refraction – Total Internal Reflection – Refraction Through Lenses and Prisms – Dispersion – Optical Phenomena Due to Sunlight – Optical Instruments.

Unit 3: Wave Optics

Huygens Principle – Reflection and Refraction Using Huygens Principle – Coherent and Incoherent Waves – Interference – Young’s Double Slit Experiment – Diffraction – Polarisation.

Unit 4: Electric Charges and Fields

Electric Charges – Conductors and Insulators – Charging by Induction – Coulomb’s Law – Electric Field – Electric Flux – Electric Dipole – Gauss’s Law and Applications.

Unit 5: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electrostatic Potential – Potential Due to Charges and Dipoles – Equipotential Surfaces – Potential Energy – Electrostatics of Conductors – Dielectrics – Capacitors – Combination of Capacitors – Energy Stored in Capacitors – Van de Graaff Generator.

Unit 6: Current Electricity

Electric Current – Ohm’s Law – Drift Velocity – Resistivity – Electric Power – Series and Parallel Resistors – Cells and Internal Resistance – Kirchhoff’s Laws – Wheatstone Bridge – Meter Bridge – Potentiometer.

Unit 7: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Magnetic Force – Motion in Magnetic Fields – Biot-Savart Law – Ampere’s Circuital Law – Solenoid and Toroid – Torque on Current Loop – Moving Coil Galvanometer.

Unit 8: Magnetism and Matter

Bar Magnet – Earth’s Magnetism – Magnetisation – Magnetic Intensity – Magnetic Properties of Materials – Electromagnets.

Unit 9: Electromagnetic Induction

Faraday’s Laws – Lenz’s Law – Motional EMF – Eddy Currents – Inductance – AC Generator.

Unit 10: Alternating Current

AC Through Resistor, Inductor and Capacitor – LCR Circuits – Power Factor – LC Oscillations – Transformers.

Unit 11: Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement Current – Electromagnetic Waves – Electromagnetic Spectrum.

Unit 12: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Photoelectric Effect – Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation – Photon Concept – Wave Nature of Matter – Davisson-Germer Experiment.

Unit 13: Atoms

Rutherford Model – Atomic Spectra – Bohr Model – Hydrogen Spectrum – Quantisation of Angular Momentum.

Unit 14: Nuclei

Composition of Nucleus – Nuclear Size – Binding Energy – Nuclear Forces – Radioactivity – Nuclear Energy.

Unit 15: Semiconductor Electronics

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors – p-n Junction – Diodes – Rectifiers – Junction Transistors – Logic Gates – Integrated Circuits.

Unit 16: Communication Systems

Elements of Communication Systems – Bandwidth – Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves – Modulation – Amplitude Modulation – Detection of Modulated Waves.