Class 10 - Genesis

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Subjects Covered: Mathematics, Science and English

SYLLABUS

MATHEMATICS

1. REAL NUMBERS

Euclid’s Division Lemma – HCF and LCM – Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic – Rational and irrational numbers – Proofs of irrationality – Decimal expansion of rational numbers – Introduction to logarithms – Conversion between exponential and logarithmic forms – Laws and properties of logarithms.

2. POLYNOMIALS

Zeroes of linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials – Relationship between zeroes and coefficients – Division algorithm for polynomials – Biquadratic polynomials – Applications of polynomial equations.

3. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

Graphical representation of solutions – Consistent and inconsistent systems – Algebraic methods including substitution and elimination – Situational and word problems – Equations reducible to linear equations in two variables.

4. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Standard form of quadratic equations – Solutions by factorization – Completing the square – Quadratic formula – Discriminant and nature of roots – Real-life applications and word problems.

5. PROGRESSIONS

Sequences and series – Arithmetic Progressions (AP) – Finding the nth term – Sum of n terms – Geometric Progressions (GP) – Finding the nth term of a GP – Applications of progressions.

6. TRIGONOMETRY

Trigonometric ratios of acute angles – Sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant and cotangent – Values of trigonometric ratios for 30°, 45° and 60° – Trigonometric identities – Complementary angles – Angle of elevation and depression – Heights and distances – Applications in surveying and real-life situations.

7. COORDINATE GEOMETRY

Distance formula – Section formula – Area of a triangle using coordinates – Slope of a line – Applications in geometry and graphing.

8. SIMILAR TRIANGLES AND CIRCLES

Similarity criteria (AAA, SSS, SAS) – Basic proportionality theorem – Areas of similar triangles – Pythagoras theorem and converse – Tangents to circles – Properties of tangents – Segments of circles – Construction of tangents from external points.

9. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

Surface areas and volumes of combinations of cubes, cuboids, cylinders, cones, spheres and hemispheres – Conversion of one solid into another – Practical problems involving volume and capacity.

10. STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Mean, median and mode for grouped and ungrouped data – Frequency distributions – Ogives and cumulative frequency curves – Probability of simple events – Complementary events – Applications of probability in everyday situations.

SCIENCE

1. Nutrition: Life Processes – Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Nutrition – Photosynthesis – Raw Materials for Photosynthesis – Oxygen Release – Light Requirement – Chlorophyll – Site of Photosynthesis – Light Reaction – Dark Reaction – Nutrition in Organisms – Cuscuta – Digestion in Human Beings – Alimentary Canal – Enzymes – Human Digestive System – Oesophagus – Malnutrition – Kwashiorkor – Marasmus – Obesity – Vitamin Deficiency Diseases.

2. Respiration: Discovery of Gases – Stages of Respiration – Inspiration and Expiration – Air Pathway – Epiglottis – Human Respiratory System – Exchange of Gases – Transport of Gases – Cellular Respiration – Aerobic Respiration – Anaerobic Respiration – Fermentation – Respiration and Combustion – Evolution of Gaseous Exchange – Plant Respiration – Gas Transport in Plants – Root Respiration – Photosynthesis and Respiration.

3. Transportation: Structure of Heart – Blood Vessels – Capillaries – Arteries – Veins – Cardiac Cycle – Single and Double Circulation – Lymphatic System – Evolution of Transport System – Blood Pressure – Blood Clotting – Water Absorption – Root Hair Absorption – Root Pressure – Ascent of Sap – Cohesive and Adhesive Forces – Mineral Transport – Food Transport.

4. Excretion: Human Excretion – Excretory System – Kidney – Internal Structure of Kidney – Nephron – Formation of Urine – Glomerular Filtration – Tubular Reabsorption – Tubular Secretion – Hypertonic Urine – Ureter – Urinary Bladder – Urethra – Dialysis – Artificial Kidney – Kidney Transplantation – Accessory Excretory Organs – Excretion in Other Organisms – Excretion in Plants – Alkaloids – Tannins – Resins – Gums – Latex – Excretion and Secretion.

5. Control and Coordination: Stimulus and Response – Nervous Coordination – Nerve Cell Structure – Afferent Nerves – Efferent Nerves – Reflex Arc – Central Nervous System – Brain – Spinal Cord – Peripheral Nervous System – Coordination Without Nerves – Insulin – Endocrine Glands – Feedback Mechanism – Autonomic Nervous System – Phytohormones – Plant Responses – Tropic Movements.

6. Reproduction: Growth of Bacteria in Milk – Asexual Reproduction – Fission – Budding – Fragmentation – Parthenocarpy – Parthenogenesis – Regeneration – Vegetative Propagation – Natural and Artificial Methods – Cuttings – Layering – Grafting – Spores – Sexual Reproduction – Human Reproductive System – Child Birth – Reproduction in Plants – Flower Structure – Pollination – Pollen Grain – Ovule – Ovary – Double Fertilization – Seed Germination – Cell Cycle – G1 – S – G2 – M Phase – Mitosis – Meiosis – Reproductive Health – HIV/AIDS – Birth Control – Female Foeticide.

7. Coordination in Life Processes: Hunger – Hunger Stimulus – Taste and Smell – Tongue and Palate – Mastication – Saliva Action – pH of Mouth – Peristalsis – Stomach Function – Movement of Food – Waste Elimination.

8. Heredity: Variations – Mendel’s Experiments – F1 and F2 Generations – Mendel’s Laws – Phenotype – Genotype – Inheritance – Sex Determination – Evolution – Genetic Drift – Lamarckism – Darwinism – Origin of Species – Homologous Organs – Analogous Organs – Embryological Evidence – Fossil Evidence – Human Evolution – Vestigial Organs.

9. Our Environment: Ecosystem – Food Chain – Number Pyramid – Biomass Pyramid – Energy Pyramid – Human Impact on Ecosystems – Kolleru Lake – Edulabad Reservoir – Heavy Metals – Sparrow Campaign – Biological Pest Control – Crop Rotation – Gene Mutation – Environmental Concern.

10. Natural Resources: Agricultural Land Case Study – Water Management – Community Participation – Farmer Interventions – Wasteland Cultivation – Water Resources in Telugu States – Natural Resources – Forest Resources – Soil – Biodiversity – Fossil Fuels – Minerals – Conservation – Reduce – Reuse – Recycle – Recover – Conservation Groups.

ENGLISH

Unit 1. Personality Development: A Reading: Attitude is Altitude (Biography) from Daily Mail – B Reading: Every Success Story Is Also a Story of Great Failures (Essay) by Sudha Murthy – C Reading: I Will Do It (Biography) – Vocabulary: Adjectives, Synonyms, One-Word Substitutes – Grammar: Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses – Written Discourses: Biographical Sketch, Story – Oral Discourses: Debate.

Unit 2. Wit and Humor: A Reading: The Dear Departed Part I (Play) by W.S. Houghton – B Reading: The Dear Departed Part II (Play) by W.S. Houghton – C Reading: The Brave Potter (Folk Tale) by Marguerite Siek – Vocabulary: Compound Adjectives, Commonly Confused Words, Idiomatic Expressions – Grammar: Articles, Compound Prepositional Phrases, Simple Past and Present Perfect – Written Discourses: Letter, Conversion of Play into Story – Oral Discourses: Role Play.

Unit 3. Human Relations: A Reading: The Journey (Narrative) by Y.D. Thongchi – B Reading: Another Woman (Poem) by Imtiaz Dharker – C Reading: The Never-Never Nest (Play) by Cedric Mount – Vocabulary: Compound Words (Hyphenated, Open and Closed) – Grammar: Simple Past and Past Perfect Tense – Written Discourses: Essay – Oral Discourses: Description, Short Talk.

Unit 4. Films and Theatre: A Reading: Rendezvous with Ray (Essay) from Frontline – B Reading: Maya Bazaar (Review) from The Hindu – C Reading: A Tribute (Essay) – Vocabulary: Collocations, One-Word Substitutions, Binomials – Grammar: Linkers, Adjectives, Prepositions, Verb Forms (Past Perfect, Simple Past), Modals – Written Discourses: Film/TV Review, Reply Letter, Skit, Report – Oral Discourses: Short Talk.

Unit 5. Social Issues / Agrarian Issues: A Reading: The Storeyed House Part I (Story) by Waman G. Hoval – B Reading: The Storeyed House Part II (Story) by Waman G. Hoval – C Reading: Abandoned (Poem) by Suraya Nasim – Vocabulary: Compound Adjectives, Phrasal Verbs, Idioms – Grammar: Adverbial Clauses – Written Discourses: Invitation, News Report, Essay – Oral Discourses: Speech.

Unit 6. Biodiversity: A Reading: Environment (Interview) from GBMNA – B Reading: Or Will the Dreamer Wake? (Poem) by M. Chevalier – C Reading: A Tale of Three Villages (Essay) – Vocabulary: Synonyms, Appropriate Forms of Words – Grammar: Non-Finite Clauses, Reported Speech, Adjectives, Quantifiers (No, Any, All, Some, Each, Several, Every) – Written Discourses: Interview, Description (Write-up) – Oral Discourses: Debate.

Unit 7. Nation and Diversity: A Reading: My Childhood (Autobiography) by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam – B Reading: A Plea for India (Poem) – C Reading: Unity in Diversity in India (Essay) – Vocabulary: Synonyms – Grammar: Linkers, Passive Voice Without Agent – Written Discourses: Diary Entry, Reply Letter – Oral Discourses: Short Talk, Role Play, Group Discussion.

Unit 8. Human Rights: A Reading: Jamaican Fragment (Narrative) by A.L. Hendricks – B Reading: Once Upon a Time (Poem) by Gabriel Okara – C Reading: What Is My Name? (Story) by P. Satyavathi – Vocabulary: Synonyms, Similes, Metaphors – Written Discourses: Essay, Speech – Oral Discourses: Debate, Speech.