Class 10 - Science

Syllabus:

1. Nutrition: Life Processes – Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Nutrition – Photosynthesis – Raw Materials for Photosynthesis – Oxygen Release – Light Requirement – Chlorophyll – Site of Photosynthesis – Light Reaction – Dark Reaction – Nutrition in Organisms – Cuscuta – Digestion in Human Beings – Alimentary Canal – Enzymes – Human Digestive System – Oesophagus – Malnutrition – Kwashiorkor – Marasmus – Obesity – Vitamin Deficiency Diseases.

2. Respiration: Discovery of Gases – Stages of Respiration – Inspiration and Expiration – Air Pathway – Epiglottis – Human Respiratory System – Exchange of Gases – Transport of Gases – Cellular Respiration – Aerobic Respiration – Anaerobic Respiration – Fermentation – Respiration and Combustion – Evolution of Gaseous Exchange – Plant Respiration – Gas Transport in Plants – Root Respiration – Photosynthesis and Respiration.

3. Transportation: Structure of Heart – Blood Vessels – Capillaries – Arteries – Veins – Cardiac Cycle – Single and Double Circulation – Lymphatic System – Evolution of Transport System – Blood Pressure – Blood Clotting – Water Absorption – Root Hair Absorption – Root Pressure – Ascent of Sap – Cohesive and Adhesive Forces – Mineral Transport – Food Transport.

4. Excretion: Human Excretion – Excretory System – Kidney – Internal Structure of Kidney – Nephron – Formation of Urine – Glomerular Filtration – Tubular Reabsorption – Tubular Secretion – Hypertonic Urine – Ureter – Urinary Bladder – Urethra – Dialysis – Artificial Kidney – Kidney Transplantation – Accessory Excretory Organs – Excretion in Other Organisms – Excretion in Plants – Alkaloids – Tannins – Resins – Gums – Latex – Excretion and Secretion.

5. Control and Coordination: Stimulus and Response – Nervous Coordination – Nerve Cell Structure – Afferent Nerves – Efferent Nerves – Reflex Arc – Central Nervous System – Brain – Spinal Cord – Peripheral Nervous System – Coordination Without Nerves – Insulin – Endocrine Glands – Feedback Mechanism – Autonomic Nervous System – Phytohormones – Plant Responses – Tropic Movements.

6. Reproduction: Growth of Bacteria in Milk – Asexual Reproduction – Fission – Budding – Fragmentation – Parthenocarpy – Parthenogenesis – Regeneration – Vegetative Propagation – Natural and Artificial Methods – Cuttings – Layering – Grafting – Spores – Sexual Reproduction – Human Reproductive System – Child Birth – Reproduction in Plants – Flower Structure – Pollination – Pollen Grain – Ovule – Ovary – Double Fertilization – Seed Germination – Cell Cycle – G1 – S – G2 – M Phase – Mitosis – Meiosis – Reproductive Health – HIV/AIDS – Birth Control – Female Foeticide.

7. Coordination in Life Processes: Hunger – Hunger Stimulus – Taste and Smell – Tongue and Palate – Mastication – Saliva Action – pH of Mouth – Peristalsis – Stomach Function – Movement of Food – Waste Elimination.

8. Heredity: Variations – Mendel’s Experiments – F1 and F2 Generations – Mendel’s Laws – Phenotype – Genotype – Inheritance – Sex Determination – Evolution – Genetic Drift – Lamarckism – Darwinism – Origin of Species – Homologous Organs – Analogous Organs – Embryological Evidence – Fossil Evidence – Human Evolution – Vestigial Organs.

9. Our Environment: Ecosystem – Food Chain – Number Pyramid – Biomass Pyramid – Energy Pyramid – Human Impact on Ecosystems – Kolleru Lake – Edulabad Reservoir – Heavy Metals – Sparrow Campaign – Biological Pest Control – Crop Rotation – Gene Mutation – Environmental Concern.

10. Natural Resources: Agricultural Land Case Study – Water Management – Community Participation – Farmer Interventions – Wasteland Cultivation – Water Resources in Telugu States – Natural Resources – Forest Resources – Soil – Biodiversity – Fossil Fuels – Minerals – Conservation – Reduce – Reuse – Recycle – Recover – Conservation Groups.