Class 6 - Social Studies

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SYLLABUS

1. READING AND MAKING MAPS: District Map – Understanding the district as an administrative unit and locating important places on a district map – Sketch Map and its importance in representing local areas – Difference between maps and sketches – Directions and identification of cardinal directions (North, South, East and West) – Use of Scale on a Map to measure distances – Conventional Symbols such as Tree, Tank, Temple, Road, Railway Line, School, Hospital and other features – Interpretation of maps using symbols and scale – Importance of maps in geography and everyday life.

2. GLOBE – A MODEL OF THE EARTH: Earth is a Sphere and representation of the Earth through a globe – Continents and Oceans and their distribution on the Earth’s surface – Directions on the Globe – Locating places using cardinal directions – Latitudes and their significance – Equator, Tropics and Polar Circles – Longitudes and their role in locating places – Relationship between latitudes and longitudes – Importance of the globe in understanding the Earth.

3. LAND FORMS: Hills and their characteristics – Plateau and its features – Plains and their importance for agriculture and settlements – Delta formation and significance – Different landforms found on the Earth’s surface – Influence of landforms on human life, occupations and settlements.

4. PENAMAKURU – A VILLAGE IN THE KRISHNA DELTA: Soils and their suitability for agriculture – Rainfall and Irrigation facilities in the Krishna Delta – Major Crops grown in the region – Irrigation, Market and Changing Crops – Agricultural development and cropping patterns – Houses and settlement patterns – Animal Rearing and its role in village economy – Road Transport and Markets – Availability of Labour and agricultural employment – Study of rural life in a delta region.

5. DOKUR VILLAGE ON THE PLATEAU: Deccan Plateau and its geographical features – Soils and their characteristics – Climate and Rainfall patterns – Water Resources available in plateau regions – Agriculture and Crops cultivated in the village – Market facilities – Other Sources of Livelihood – Road and Markets – Influence of plateau conditions on agriculture and economic activities.

6. PENUGOLU – A TRIBAL VILLAGE IN THE HILLS: Eastern Ghats and their geographical importance – Podu Cultivation and traditional agricultural practices – Forest Products and dependence on forests – Drinking Water facilities – Bamboo Products and tribal occupations – Houses and Habitation patterns – Customs and traditions of tribal communities – The Future of Konda Reddys and changes in tribal life – Relationship between tribal people and forest resources.

7. FROM GATHERING FOOD TO GROWING FOOD – THE EARLIEST PEOPLE: Gathering Food and Hunting as early human activities – Stone Tools and Stone-Age Sites of Telangana – Discovery and use of Fire – Nomadic Life and movement in search of food – Paintings and Shared Living practices – Learning to Grow Crops and Tend Animals – Domestication of animals – Beginning of Settled Life – Transition from food gathering to food production.

8. AGRICULTURE IN OUR TIMES: Venkatapuram Agricultural Labourers in Groundnut Fields – Role of agricultural labourers – Small Farmers in Venkatapuram and their challenges – Contract Farming and its impact – Small Farmers in Telangana – Agriculture in Telangana – Modern agricultural practices – Problems faced by farmers and agricultural workers.

9. TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE: Selling Vegetables on Streets – Case Study of Gouri, a Small Vegetable Vendor – Weekly Market (Santha) and rural trade – Case Study of a Dry Chilly Seller – Rythu Bazars in Telangana and direct marketing – Agricultural Market Yard – Minimum Support Price (MSP) and its importance – Selling to a Rice Miller – Selling through Brokers – Trading Paddy in Telangana – Indebtedness and Selling Paddy – Marketing systems and challenges faced by farmers.

10. COMMUNITY DECISION MAKING IN A TRIBE: Tribes as Societies Where All People are Equal – Community participation in decision making – Gond Panch and Patla – Traditional tribal governance – Village Headmen (Patla) and their responsibilities – Conflict resolution and community welfare in tribal societies.

11. EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS AND REPUBLICS: The Ganges Valley 2700 Years Ago – Growth of Janapadas and Mahajanapadas – Development of Villages and Cities during the Mahajanapada Period – Kings, Armies and Tax Collection – Rise of Magadha as a powerful kingdom – Vajji as a republican state – Early forms of political organization and administration in ancient India.

12. FIRST EMPIRES: The Mauryan Empire and its expansion – Ashoka as a Unique Ruler – Ashoka’s War in Kalinga and its consequences – Ashoka’s Dhamma and principles of governance – Kingdoms and Empires in the Deccan – Growth of large political units and their administration.

13. DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT: Functions of Government – Types of Government – Democratic Government and its features – Representative Democracy – Checks on Elected Representatives – Equality and Democracy – Government at Different Levels – Importance of citizen participation and democratic values.

14. VILLAGE PANCHAYATS: Gram Sabha and its functions – Formation of Gram Panchayats – Wards and representation – Reservations in Gram Panchayats – Election process – Sarpanch, Upa-Sarpanch and Secretary – Functions and responsibilities of Gram Panchayats – Sources of Funds – Case Studies of Hazipally and Gangadevipally – Mandal Parishad and Zilla Parishad administration.

15. LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN URBAN AREAS: Municipality and urban administration – Formation of Vemulawada Municipality – Functions of Municipality – Municipal Funds and revenue sources – Municipal Workers and civic services – Urban governance and public welfare.

16. DIVERSITY IN OUR SOCIETY: Diversity in Our Neighbourhood – Diversity in India – Study of the Thar Desert and Sikkim – Differences in culture, language, food and lifestyle – Unity in Diversity as a characteristic feature of India.

17. TOWARDS GENDER EQUALITY: Statements Regarding Women and social perceptions – Nature of Men and Women – Growing Up as Boys and Girls – Sex Ratio and Declining Female Population – Differences in Literacy Levels – Right to Property – Employment Opportunities – Unrecognized Work of Women – Changing Status of Women – Importance of gender equality in society.

18. RELIGION AND SOCIETY IN EARLY TIMES: Hunter-Gatherers and Chenchus – Religious Practices of Early Farmers and Herders – Religion in the Indus Valley Civilization – Religion of the Vedas and Hymns – Worship of Dead Ancestors and Megaliths of the Deccan – New Questions in the Age of Janapadas and Cities – Concept of Atma – Parivrajakas – Gautama Buddha and his teachings.

19. DEVOTION AND LOVE TOWARDS GOD: Early Religious Practices and Beliefs – Hindu Religion – Bhagavatas and Shaivas – Story Tellers and religious traditions – Bhakti Movement – Alvars and Nayanars – Christianity – Islam – Belief in a Supreme God – Growth of devotional movements and religious harmony.

20. LANGUAGE, WRITING AND GREAT BOOKS: What is Language – Why there are Many Languages – Writing and Script – Different Kinds of Scripts – Materials Used for Writing – Poems, Songs and Stories – Vedas – Ramayana and Mahabharata – Sangam Literature – Books on Medicine, Surgery, Astronomy and Mathematics – Sanskrit Literature – Development of language, literature and knowledge traditions.

21. SCULPTURES AND BUILDINGS: Ancient Stone and Bronze Sculptures – Harappan Cities and architecture – Mauryan Period Sculptures – Buddhist Stupas and Viharas – Rock-Cut Chaityas – Early Temples – Development of art, architecture and cultural heritage in ancient India.