Class 7 - Science

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SYLLABUS:

1. FOOD COMPONENTS: Listing food components – Essential food components – Tests for carbohydrates, fats and proteins – Roughages and dietary fibres – Sources of fibres – Water – Balanced diet – Avoiding junk food – History of food and nutrition.

2. ACIDS AND BASES: Food items based on taste – Turmeric paper indicator – Natural indicators – Litmus tests – Acidic substances – Basic substances – Chemical indicators (Phenolphthalein, Methyl Orange) – Acid rain – Neutralization – Organic manures – Salts – Uses of acids, bases and salts.

3. ANIMAL FIBRE: Story of silk – Moth to egg – Cocoon to fibre – Reeling – Weaving – Story of wool – Shearing – Scouring – Sorting – Dyeing – Carding – Spinning – Rolling and twisting – Knitting – Differences between silk and cotton.

4. MOTION AND TIME: Motion around us – Motion and rest – Relative motion – Uniform motion – non-uniform motion – Translatory motion – Rotary motion – Oscillatory motion – Slow and fast motions – Estimating time – Units of time – Stop clock – Speed – Units of speed – Calculations.

5. HEAT – MEASUREMENTS: Seasons and temperature – Temperature – Heat as a form of energy – Conversion of energy – Heat and temperature – Measuring temperature – Clinical thermometer – MMT – Digital thermometer – Laboratory thermometer – Use of thermometers – Expansion of liquids.

6. WEATHER AND CLIMATE: Weather prediction – Weather reports – Components of weather – Measuring temperature – Rain gauge – Wind direction – Humidity – Cyclic weather conditions – Climate – Climate and lifestyle.

7. ELECTRICITY – CURRENT AND ITS EFFECT: Make your own cell – Dry cell – Symbols of electrical components – Circuit diagrams – Series circuits – Parallel circuits – Heating effect of current – Tube light – Compact fluorescent lamp – Electric fuse – Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) – Electricity billing.

8. AIR, WINDS AND CYCLONES: Air and daily life – Air around us – Air pressure – Expansion of air on heating – Hot air and cold air – Warm air rises – Moving air – Wind formation – Cyclone formation – Factors contributing to cyclones – Safety during cyclones.

9. REFLECTION OF LIGHT: Reflection of light – Observation of reflection – Laws of reflection – Regular reflection – Irregular reflection – Angle of incidence – Angle of reflection – Periscope – Mirror images – Virtual images – Real images – Kaleidoscope – Convex mirrors – Concave mirrors – Images formed by spherical mirrors.

10. NUTRITION IN PLANTS: Von Helmont experiment – Photosynthesis – Exchange of air through stomata – Autotrophic nutrition – Heterotrophic nutrition – Parasitic plants – Haustoria – Insectivorous plants – Saprophytes – Symbiosis.

11. RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS: Human respiration – Pulse counting – Chest expansion – Measuring air in each breath – Inhaled and exhaled air – Discovery of oxygen and carbon dioxide – Gases in breath – Breathing in fish, frog, cockroach and earthworm – Respiration in plants and sprouted seeds.

12. REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS: Flower structure – Thalamus – Calyx – Corolla – Androecium – Gynoecium – Complete flowers – Incomplete flowers – Unisexual flowers – Bisexual flowers – Pollen grains – Ovary – Self-pollination – Cross-pollination – Agents of pollination – Fertilization – Fruit formation – Seed formation – Budding – Spores – Vegetative reproduction.

13. SEED DISPERSAL: Need for seed dispersal – Different kinds of seeds – Seed dispersal by wind – Water – Birds – Animals – Bursting fruits – Human beings – Seeds in fruits.

14. WATER – TOO LITTLE TO WASTE: Sources of water – Water as a precious resource – Impurities in sewage – Wastewater treatment – Diseases caused by untreated water – Sewage disposal methods – Drainage systems – Water conservation.

15. SOIL – OUR LIFE: Usefulness of soil – Soil and life – Soil life chart – Soil as habitat – Soil properties – Types of soil – Soil moisture – Percolation rate – Substances present in soil – Soil horizons – Soil in our village – Soil and crops – Soil conservation.

16. FOREST – OUR LIFE: Orchard – Forest – Diversity in forests – Types of forests in the state – People living in forests – Destruction of forests – Conservation of forests.

17. CHANGES AROUND US: Periodic changes – Physical changes – Chemical changes – Changes in ice on heating – Changes caused by burning – Rusting of iron – Galvanization – Browning of cut vegetables and prevention – Changes in magnesium ribbon – Chemical reactions involving copper sulphate and iron – Vinegar and baking soda reaction – Burning of camphor – Crystallization of urea – Crystallization of copper sulphate.