Class 10 - Social Science

Syllabus:

GEOGRAPHY & ECONOMICS – PART I

1. INDIA: RELIEF FEATURES: Location of India and its geographical significance – Geological Background of India – Major Relief Divisions of India – The Himalayas and their importance – The Indo-Gangetic Plains and agricultural significance – The Peninsular Plateau and its mineral resources – The Thar Desert and its characteristics – Coastal Plains and their economic importance – Islands of India – Influence of relief features on climate, agriculture and human activities.

2. IDEAS ON DEVELOPMENT: Meaning of Development – Different People, Different Development Goals – Income and Other Goals – Comparing Countries and States on the Basis of Development – Public Facilities and Quality of Life – Human Development Report (HDR) – Development as Progress over Time – Sustainable and Inclusive Development.

3. PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT: Sectors of the Economy – Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors – Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and its estimation – Contribution of Different Sectors to the Economy – Employment Patterns in India – Organized and Unorganized Sectors – Employment Challenges – Measures for Creating Better Employment Opportunities.

4. CLIMATE IN INDIAN CONTEXT: Difference between Weather and Climate – Climographs and Climate Data – Factors Influencing India’s Climate – Latitude and Distance from the Equator – Land-Water Relationship – Relief Features and Upper Air Circulation – Winter Season – Summer Season – Advancing and Retreating Monsoons – Global Warming and Climate Change – Impact of Climate Change on India.

5. INDIAN RIVERS AND WATER RESOURCES: The Himalayan River Systems – The Indus River System – The Brahmaputra River System – Peninsular Rivers of India – Water Usage and Management – River Basin Studies – Water Use in the Tungabhadra Basin – Rational and Equitable Use of Water – Hivre Bazar Case Study – Water as a Common Resource.

6. THE POPULATION: Population Survey and Census – Population Size and Distribution – Age Structure – Sex Ratio – Literacy Rate – Life Expectancy – Population Growth – Population Density – Causes and Consequences of Population Change – Demographic Characteristics of India.

7. SETTLEMENT AND MIGRATION: Meaning and Types of Settlements – Origin and Growth of Settlements – Rural and Urban Settlements – Urbanization in India – Settlement Hierarchy – Aerotropolis and Modern Cities – Problems of Urbanization – Migration Patterns – Rural-Urban Migration – Seasonal and Temporary Migration – International Migration and its Effects.

8. RAMPUR: VILLAGE ECONOMY: Economic Life in Rampur Village – Farming Activities – Land and Natural Resources – Distribution of Land – Organization of Production – Land, Labour, Capital and Enterprise – Farm Labour and Wages – Physical and Working Capital – Surplus and Loss in Farming – Non-Farm Activities – Small-Scale Manufacturing – Trade and Transport in Rural Economy.

9. GLOBALISATION: Production Across Countries – Interlinking of Production – Foreign Trade and Market Integration – Meaning of Globalisation – Factors Promoting Globalisation – Technology and Communication – Liberalization Policies – Foreign Investment – World Trade Organization (WTO) – Impact of Globalisation on India – Challenges Faced by Small Producers – Fair Globalisation.

10. FOOD SECURITY: Meaning and Importance of Food Security – Food Grain Production in India – Availability and Accessibility of Food – Public Distribution System (PDS) – Nutritional Status of People – Government Measures for Food Security – Food Storage and Distribution – Challenges in Achieving Food Security.

11. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WITH EQUITY: Development and Environment – Environmental Concerns and Resource Use – People’s Rights over Natural Resources – Sustainable Development – Equity in Development – Alternative Models of Development – Balancing Economic Growth and Environmental Protection.

HISTORY & POLITICAL SCIENCE – PART II

12. THE WORLD BETWEEN WARS (1900–1950): Causes of the First and Second World Wars – Aggressive Nationalism and Imperialism – Militarism and Alliance Systems – Treaty of Versailles – League of Nations – Rise of Nazism in Germany – Russian Socialist Revolution – Great Depression – Consequences of World Wars – Emergence of New International Organizations – Growth of Democratic Principles and Women’s Rights.

13. NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENTS IN THE COLONIES: National Movements in China – Establishment of the Republic – Rise of the Communist Party of China – New Democracy and Land Reforms – Vietnam’s Struggle Against Colonial Rule – Vietnamese Nationalism – United States Intervention in Vietnam – Nigeria’s Freedom Movement – Impact of Colonialism and Nationalism in Asia and Africa.

14. NATIONAL MOVEMENT IN INDIA – PARTITION & INDEPENDENCE (1939–1947): India and the Second World War – Role of the Muslim League – Hindu Mahasabha and RSS – Pakistan Resolution – Quit India Movement – Popular Uprisings (1946–48) – Negotiations for Transfer of Power – Partition of India – Migration and Refugee Problems – Integration of Princely States.

15. MAKING OF INDEPENDENT INDIA’S CONSTITUTION: Constituent Assembly and Constitution Making – Preambles of India, Nepal and Japan – Draft Constitution – Vision and Philosophy of the Constitution – Debates on Fundamental Rights – Constitutional Values – Relevance of the Constitution in Contemporary India.

16. THE ELECTION PROCESS IN INDIA: Electoral System in India – Election Commission of India – Political Parties and Elections – Conduct of Elections at Various Levels – Voting Process and Voting Machines – NOTA (None of the Above) – Electoral Reforms and Democratic Participation.

17. INDEPENDENT INDIA (THE FIRST 30 YEARS: 1947–1977): First General Elections – One-Party Dominance – Reorganization of States – State Reorganisation Commission (SRC) – Social and Economic Changes – India’s Foreign Policy – Wars and National Security – Anti-Hindi Agitation – Green Revolution – Regional Parties and Movements – Bangladesh War – National Emergency.

18. EMERGING POLITICAL TRENDS (1977–2007): Restoration of Democracy after Emergency – Elections of 1977 – Major Political Parties – Rise of Regional Parties – Telangana Movement – Assam Movement – Punjab Agitation – Rajiv Gandhi Era – Growth of Coalition Politics – Mandal, Mandir and Market Politics – Issues of Communalism and Corruption.

19. POST-WAR WORLD AND INDIA: Formation of the United Nations Organization (UNO) – Cold War and Bipolar World – Proxy Wars – Military Alliances – Arms Race and Space Race – Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) – West Asian Conflicts – Growth of Nationalism in the Middle East – Peace Movements – Collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR).

20. SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN OUR TIMES: Civil Rights Movements – Human Rights Movements in the USSR – Anti-Nuclear and Anti-War Movements – Globalisation and Environmental Movements – Greenpeace Movement – Bhopal Gas Disaster Movements – Silent Valley Movement – Narmada Bachao Movement – Women’s Movements for Social Justice – Human Rights Awareness and Social Mobilization.

21. THE MOVEMENT FOR THE FORMATION OF TELANGANA STATE: Merger of Hyderabad State with India – Gentlemen’s Agreement – Mulki Rules – Telangana Agitation of 1969 – Telangana Movements of the 1990s – Political Developments Leading to Statehood – Formation of Telangana State – Contribution of Leaders including Prof. K. Jayashankar – Significance of Telangana State Formation.